{"id":8786,"date":"2023-11-06T14:09:10","date_gmt":"2023-11-06T06:09:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ntusoc.pathd.cc\/?p=8786"},"modified":"2025-12-04T15:27:06","modified_gmt":"2025-12-04T07:27:06","slug":"kuo-hsien-su","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sociology.ntu.edu.tw\/en\/faculty\/kuo-hsien-su\/","title":{"rendered":"Kuo-Hsien Su"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-e208216a alignwide uagb-is-root-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-663df8a3\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized is-style-rounded\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/sociology.ntu.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/6.\u8607\u570b\u8ce2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8766\" style=\"width:220px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sociology.ntu.edu.tw\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/6.\u8607\u570b\u8ce2.jpg 600w, https:\/\/sociology.ntu.edu.tw\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/6.\u8607\u570b\u8ce2-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-container uagb-block-4f349a93\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading uagb-block-e9390302\"><h2 class=\"uagb-heading-text\"><strong><strong>Kuo-Hsien Su<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2><p class=\"uagb-desc-text\"><strong><strong><strong>\u8607\u570b\u8ce2<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/homepage.ntu.edu.tw\/~khsu\/vita\/english.pdf\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/homepage.ntu.edu.tw\/~khsu\/vita\/english.pdf\">CV Download<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Title\uff1aProfessor<br>Research Interests\uff1aSocial Stratification and Social Mobility; Sociology of Organization; Social Network; Sociology of Religion<br>Tel\uff1a+886-2-3366-1229<br>Email\uff1a<a href=\"mailto:khsu@ntu.edu.tw\"><\/a><a href=\"mailto:khsu@ntu.edu.tw\">khsu@ntu.edu.tw<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/homepage.ntu.edu.tw\/~khsu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Personal Page<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"qubely-block-74cd79\"><div class=\"qubely-block-tab qubely-tab-style-tabs\"><div class=\"qubely-tab-nav qubely-alignment-left\"><span class=\"qubely-tab-item qubely-active\"><span class=\"qubely-tab-title \" role=\"button\"><span class=\"qubely-tab-title-text\">Self Introduction<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"qubely-tab-item \"><span class=\"qubely-tab-title \" role=\"button\"><span class=\"qubely-tab-title-text\">Education and Employment<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"qubely-tab-item \"><span class=\"qubely-tab-title \" role=\"button\"><span class=\"qubely-tab-title-text\">Publications<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div><div class=\"qubely-tab-body\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-qubely-tab qubely-tab-content qubely-active\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kuo-Hsien Su, PhD (khsu@ntu.edu.tw), is a Professor of Sociology at National Taiwan University. He earned his undergraduate degree in History from the same institution before pursuing graduate studies at Columbia University, where he obtained both his M.A. and Ph.D. in Sociology. He served as the dean of the College of Social Science at National Taiwan University from 2015 to 2018.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">His research spans diverse domains within sociology, encompassing social stratification, social networks, sociology of religion, and sociology of organizations. His publications appear in journals such as the <em>American Sociological Review, European Sociological Review, Research in Social Stratification and Social Mobility, Journal of Marriage and Family<\/em>, and <em>Academy of Management Journal<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Currently, Dr. Su is engaged in crafting a comprehensive book on social mobility in Taiwan while actively participating in a comparative survey endeavor across East Asia, titled <em>Global East Religiosity and Changing Religious Landscapes<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-qubely-tab qubely-tab-content\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>EDUCATION<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>1995<\/td><td>Ph.D. Sociology, Columbia University<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1989<\/td><td>M.A. Sociology, Columbia University<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1985<\/td><td>B.A. History, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>PROFESSIONAL POSITIONS<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>2007 \u2013 present<\/td><td>Professor, Department of Sociology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2015 \u2013 2018<\/td><td>Dean, College of Social Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2016 \u2013 2018<\/td><td>Deputy Executive Office, D-School, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2014<\/td><td>Deputy Director, Research Institute for the Humanities and Social Sciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2009 \u2013 2012<\/td><td>Chair, Department of Sociology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2003 \u2013 2007<\/td><td>Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, National Taiwan University <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2000 \u2013 2003<\/td><td>Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, National Taipei University, Taipei, Taiwan<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1996 \u2013 2000<\/td><td>Associate Professor, Department of Business Management, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1995 \u2013 1996<\/td><td>Lecturer, Department of Industrial Management, Chang Gung College of Medicine and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>PROFESSIONAL SERVICE<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>2019- 2021&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/td><td>Council member, East-Asia Society for the Scientific Study of Religion<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2019- 2020&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/td><td>Editorial board, <em>Journal of Population Studies<\/em> (Taiwan)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2014 &#8211; 2016&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/td><td>Editor, <em>Taiwanese Sociology<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2005 &#8211; 2006&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/td><td>Associated editor, <em>Taiwanese Sociology<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2012 &#8211; 2016&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/td><td>Editorial board, <em>Chinese Sociological Review<\/em><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICE<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>1996 \u20132000<\/td><td>Dean, College of Social Science, NTU<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1995 \u2013 1996<\/td><td>Chair, Department of Sociology, NTU<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-qubely-tab qubely-tab-content\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Books &amp; Edited Books<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yi, Chin-Chun and Kuo-Hsien Su (eds.), 2021. <em>Changing Christians, Changing Churches: A Sociological Analysis of Christianity in Taiwan.<\/em> Taipei: National Taiwan University Press (in Chinese).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Su, Kuo-Hsien, Miaw-Fen Lu, Ying-Hwa Chang, Kuan-Chung Huang. 2013. <em>Autonomy and Accountability: Academic Professionalism in Humanities and Social Sciences in Taiwan.<\/em> Taipei: National Taiwan University Press (in Chinese).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Journal Articles<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Su, Kuo-Hsien and Ke-Hsien Huang. 2025. \u201cReligious Belonging, Belief, and Practice in a Multi-Faith Context: A Comparison of Sole-affiliation Adherents and Individuals with Multiple Religious Identities.\u201d J<em>ournal for the Scientific Study of Religion<\/em>. (accepted)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Yu, Wei-hsin, Kuo-Hsien Su, 2025. \u201cEvaluation Criteria and Women\u2019s Attainment of Elite STEM Education: Evidence from College Admission Records\u201d. <em>Sociological Science<\/em>.&nbsp;12: 357-387.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Yu, Wei-hsin, Kuo-Hsien Su, 2024. \u201cWho Benefits from Elite Colleges\u2019 Decreased Reliance on High-Stake Standardized Tests? Evidence from A Quasi-Field Experiment.\u201d <em>Research in Social Stratification and Social Mobility 98<\/em>, Special Issue on Inequality in East Asia, James Raymo &amp; Yu Xie (eds).<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/special-issue\/101X6TTLMRN\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/special-issue\/101X6TTLMRN\">(SSCI Q2, Sociology 61\/219, JIF:2.0)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Su, Kuo-Hsien. 2020. \u201cChanges in Core Network Size in Taiwan: A Comparison Between 1997 and 2017 Surveys.\u201d<em> Taiwanese Journal of Sociology<\/em> 67: 63-134. (in Chinese)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Wei-hsin Yu, Lin, Zhiyong, Kuo-Hsien Su. 2019. \u201cParent-Child Coresidence and Experiences of Romantic Relationships: Evidence from Young Adults in Taiwan\u201d <em>Chinese Sociological Review<\/em> 51(2): 173-206.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lin, Zhiyong, Wei-hsin Yu, Kuo-Hsien Su. 2019. \u201cComparing Same- and Different-sex Relationship Dynamics: Experiences of Young Adults in Taiwan\u201d <em>Demographic Research<\/em> 40: 431-362.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Yu, Wei-hsin, Kuo-Hsien Su, Chi-Tsun Chiu. 2012. \u201cSibship Characteristics and Transition to First Marriage in Taiwan: Explaining Gender Asymmetries\u201d <em>Population Research and Policy Review <\/em>31: 609-636.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tsai, Wenpin, Kuo-Hsien Su, Ming-Jer Chen. 2011. \u201cSeeing Through the Eyes of a Rival: Competitor Acumen Based on Rival-Centric Perceptions\u201d <em>Academy of Management Journal<\/em> 54(4): 761-778.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Liu, Jeng, Arthur Sakamoto, and Kuo-Hsien Su. 2010. \u201cExploitation in Contemporary Capitalism: An Empirical Analysis of the Case of Taiwan. \u201c <em>Sociological Focus<\/em> 43(3): 259-281.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Su, Kuo-Hsien &amp; Wei-hsin Yu. 2007. &#8220;When Social Reproduction Fails: Explaining the Closing of the Ethnic Gap in Taiwan. <em>Taiwanese Journal of Sociology<\/em> 39:1-63. (in Chinese)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chen, Ming-Jer, Kuo-Hsien Su, Wenpin Tsai. 2007. \u201cCompetitive Tension: The Awareness-Motivation-Capability Perspective\u201d <em>Academy of Management Journal <\/em>50(1): 101-118.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Yu, Wei-hsin and Kuo-Hsien Su. 2006. \u201cGender, Sibship Structure, and Educational Inequality in Taiwan: Son Preference Revisited.\u201d <em>Journal of Marriage and Family <\/em>68:1057-1068.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tseng, Chr-Hung, Cher-Min Fong, Kuo-Hsien Su. 2004. \u201cThe Determinants of MNC subsidiary initiatives implications for small business.\u201d <em>International Journal of Globalisation and Small Business <\/em>1: 92-114.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Su, Kuo-Hsien. 2004. \u201cSocial Production of Sociological Knowledge: Invisible Colleges among Sociologists in Taiwan.\u201d <em>Taiwanese Sociology<\/em> 8: 133-192. (in Chinese)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ishida, Hiroshi, Kuo-Hsien Su, and Seymour Spilerman. 2002. \u201cModels of Career Progression in Japanese and U.S. Organizations.\u201d<em> European Sociological Review<\/em> 18: 179-198.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Su, Kuo-Hsien. 2000. &#8220;Organizational Demography, Wage Dispersion, and Employee Turnover: An Organizational-level Investigation in Taiwan.&#8221; <em>Sun Yat-sen Management Review<\/em>, Vol. 8 (International Issue): 21-46.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chen, Shin-tien and Kuo-Hsien Su. 2000. \u201cThe Determinants of Employee Turnover: An Analysis of Hi-tech Firms in Taiwan.\u201d <em>(Taiwan)<\/em> <em>Journal of Technology Management<\/em> 5(2):57-80. (in Chinese)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Su, Kuo-Hsien, Yeh Kuang S., and Shin-tien Chen. 1999. \u201cDemographic Composition and Organizational Performance: An Analysis of Enterprises in Taiwan.\u201d <em>NTU Management Review<\/em> 10(1): 1-38. (in Chinese)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chen, Shin-tien, Kuo-hsien Su, and Yeh Kuang S. 1999. \u201cThe Organizational Determinants of Demographic Composition in Business Organizations.<em>\u201d(Taiwan) Journal of Management <\/em>16(4) : 581-612. (in Chinese)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>El-Bassel, Nabila, Neil Guiterman, David Bargal, Kuo-hsien Su. 1998. \u201cMain and Buffering Effects of Emotional Support on Job and Health Related Strains: A National Survey of Israeli Social Workers.\u201d<em>Employee Assistance Quarterly<\/em> 13(3): 1-18.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Su, Kuo-hsien, Yeh Kuang S., and Shin-tien Chen. 1998. \u201cAn Analysis of the Determinants of Organizational Demography in Taiwan.\u201d <em>(Taiwan) Journal of Management<\/em> 15(2): 319-341. (in Chinese)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ishida, Hiroshi, Seymour Spilerman, and Kuo-Hsien Su. 1997. \u201cEducational Credentials and Promotion Chances in a Japanese and American Organizations.\u201d <em>American Sociological Review <\/em>62(6): 866-882.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Su, Kuo-Hsien. 1997. \u201cMarket Autonomy and Performance: A Network Analysis of Industrial Market Structure in Taiwan. <em>Sun Yat-sen Management Review<\/em> 5(2) : 315-338. (in Chinese)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Schilling, Robert, Nabila El-Bassel, Andre Ivanoff, Louisa Gilbert, Kuo-Hsien Su, and Steven Safyer. 1994. \u201cSexual Risk Behavior Among Incarcerated, Drug-Using Women.\u201d <em>Public Health Reports<\/em> 109(4): 539-547.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>El-Bassel, Nabila, Robert F. Schilling, Joanne E. Turnbull, and Kuo-Hsien Su. 1993. \u201cCorrelates of Alcohol Use among Methadone Patients.\u201d <em>Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research <\/em>17(3): 681-686.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Book Chapters<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Hyunjoon Park, Hiroshi Ishida, Kuo-Hsien Su. 2023. \u201cInequality and Stratification in East Asia.\u201d In Markus Gangl, Lucinda Platt, Javier G. Polavieja, Herman G. van de Werfhorst (ed.) Oxford Handbook of Social Stratification (ISBN: 9780197539514), Oxford: Oxford University Press. Apr, 2023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Su, Kuo-Hsien and Chin-Chun Yi. 2021. \u201cIntroduction: A Sociological Analysis of Christianity in Taiwan\u201d in <a>Yi, Chin-Chun, Kuo-Hsien Su (eds.), <em>Changing Christians, Changing Churches: A Sociological Analysis of Christianity in Taiwan<\/em>. Taipei: National Taiwan University Press. (in Chinese)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Su, Kuo-Hsien. 2021. \u201cCalling, Vocation, or Profession? Professionalization of Clergy in Taiwan.\u201d in Yi, Chin-Chun, Kuo-Hsien Su (eds.), <em>Changing Christians, Changing Churches: A Sociological Analysis of Christianity in Taiwan.<\/em> Taipei: National Taiwan University Press. (in Chinese)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Su, Kuo-Hsien. 2021. \u201cWork-Life Balance of Pastors in Taiwan\u201d in Yi, Chin-Chun, Kuo-Hsien Su (eds.), <em>Changing Christians, Changing Churches: A Sociological Analysis of Christianity in Taiwan.<\/em> Taipei: National Taiwan University Press<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Su, Kuo-Hsien. 2014. \u201cDiversity in Faith: A Survey of Christian Congregation in Taiwan\u201d in Yi, Chin-Chun. (ed.), Pp. 184-243.<em> Christianity in Taiwan: 2012 Christian Belief and Social Survey<\/em>. Taipei: Chunghau 21<sup>st<\/sup> Century Think Tank. (in Chinese)&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chang, Shi-Chia and Kuo-Hsien Su. 2014. \u201cChristian Belief, Experience, and Involvement in Taiwan\u201d in Yi, Chin-Chun. (ed.), Pp. 142-183. <em>Christianity in Taiwan: 2012 Christian Belief and Social Survey<\/em>. Taipei: Chunghau 21<sup>st<\/sup> Century Think Tank. (in Chinese)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Su, Kuo-Hsien and Lin Nan, 2014. \u201cStatus-based Differential Memory and Measurement of Social Capital: Recall Errors and Bias Estimations\u201d, in Nan Lin, Yang-chih Fu, Chih-Jou Jay Chen (eds.),<em> Pp. 64-80. Social Capital and Its Institutional Contingency: A Study of the United States, China, and Taiwan<\/em>, London and New York: Routledge.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Yu, Wei-hsin and Kuo-Hsien Su. 2008. &#8220;Intergenerational Mobility Patterns in Taiwan: The Case of a Rapidly Industrializing Economy.&#8221; in Hiroshi Ishida (ed.) <em>Social Stratification and Social Mobility in Late-Industrializing Countries<\/em>. The 2005 SSM Research Series, Volume 14, Sendai, Japan: The 2005 SSM Research Committee.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Su, Kuo-Hsien. 2008. &#8220;Trends of Income Distribution and Social Mobility in Taiwan\u201d in Wang, Hong-zen et al. (eds.). Pp. 187-217. <em>Taiwan.&#8221; Step in Forbidden Zones: Twenty Years Social Transformation in Taiwan, 1987-2008. <\/em>Taipei: Socio Publishing Co., Ltd. (in Chinese) Yu, Wei-hsin and Kuo-Hsien Su. 2004. \u201cOn One&#8217;s Own: Self-Employment Activity in Taiwan.\u201d in Arum, Richard and Walter Mueller (eds.).&nbsp;Pp.388-425. <em>The Reemergence of Self-Employment: A Comparative Study of Self-Employment Dynamics and Social Inequality.<\/em> Princeton: Princeton University Press.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Textbooks<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Su, Kuo-Hsien. 2012. \u201cSocial Network Analysis.\u201d Pp.375-422 in Chiu, Hai-Yuan, H. D. Bih, Michelle Liou, Kuo-Shu Yang. (eds.) <em>Research Method for Social and Behavior Science<\/em>. Taipei: Tung-Hua Publisher. (in Chinese)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Su, Kuo-Hsien. 2008. \u201cSocial Class and Social Stratification.\u201d Pp. 103-128 in Chiu, Hai-Yuan &amp; J. H. Wang. (eds.) <em>Sociology and Taiwan Society<\/em>\uff0cTaipei: Chuliu Publisher. (in Chinese)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Title\uff1aProfessor<br \/>\nResearch Interests\uff1aSocial Stratification and Social Mobility; Sociology of Organization; Social Network; Sociology of Religion<br \/>\nTel\uff1a+886-2-3366-1229<br \/>\nEmail\uff1a<a href=\"mailto:khsu@ntu.edu.tw\">khsu@ntu.edu.tw<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/homepage.ntu.edu.tw\/~khsu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Personal Page<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8766,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"qubely_global_settings":"","qubely_interactions":"","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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